This phase III trial is evaluating a treatment for anaemia in patients with lower risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and low red blood cell (RBC) transfusion burden (LTB)A Phase 3 Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of Roxadustat (FG-4592) for Treatment of Anemia in Patients With Lower Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) With Low Red Blood Cell (RBC) Transfusion Burden (LTB)

Inclusion

• Diagnosis of primary MDS classified by the International Prognostic Scoring System - Revised (IPSS-R) as very low, low or intermediate risk with <5% bone marrow blasts. There is no minimum time from diagnosis to registration/randomization except to allow for proper IPSS-R classification to be made (within 16 weeks prior to randomization), and to show transfusion dependence for participants in both portions of the study.
• RBC transfusion of either 2-4 pRBC units during the 8 weeks prior to registration/randomization or 1 pRBC in two consecutive periods of 8 weeks within the 16 weeks prior to registration/randomization. Open-Label Lead-in participants only, the requirement to demonstrate transfusion dependence can also be met by a Principal Investigator starting this particular participant on pRBC transfusion during the screening period.
• No restriction on prior use of recombinant erythropoietins or analogues (erythropoiesis-stimulating agents [ESAs]), except no ESA use within 8 weeks prior to Day 1 registration/randomization.
• Hemoglobin (Hb) ≤10.0 grams/deciliter (g/dL) during screening
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) of 0-2 at screening