Summary
EWING 2008 is a joint protocol of European and North American Ewing sarcoma study groups.
The protocol is aimed at optimising treatment and treatment results of patients with Ewing sarcomas. The EWING 2008 protocol is open to all patients diagnosed with Ewing sarcomas, localised or metastatic, who are considered eligible for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All patients registered will receive induction chemotherapy consisting of six cycles of vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin and etoposide (VIDE). The decision regarding local therapy must be made following the fifth cycle of induction treatment, with a preference for surgical intervention with or without additional radiotherapy. Preoperative radiotherapy may be considered to improve the operability of otherwise inoperable lesions.
In patients with localised disease or with pulmonary metastases, local treatment should be performed following the 6th cycle of VIDE chemotherapy, and should be a complete tumour resection, whenever feasible. Post-operative radiotherapy is determined by the completeness of surgery and the histological response to chemotherapy. Standard Risk R1 Good responders (R1) (less than 10% viable tumour cells) with localised disease are allocated to the standard risk arm and will receive a further eight cycles of chemotherapy composed of vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide (VAC) (females) or ifosfamide instead of cyclophosphamide (VAI) (males). They will be randomised to receive add-on treatment with either fenretinide, zoledronic acid, fenretinide plus zoledronic acid, or no add-on treatment. High Risk R2 Poor responders (R2) with localised disease will continue to be randomised as in EURO-E.W.I.N.G. 99 to receive either eight cycles of VAI chemotherapy or high dose treatment with busulfan-melphalan (R2loc). Patients with primary pulmonary metastases are also allocated to continue to be randomised as in EURO-E.W.I.N.G. 99 to receive either eight cycles of VAI chemotherapy or high dose treatment with busulfan-melphalan (R2pulm). Very High Risk R3 Patients with disseminated disease, i.e. dissemination to bone and/or other sites and possibly additional pulmonary dissemination (R3), receive six cycles of VIDE induction chemotherapy. Patients are then randomised to either continue with eight cycles of vincristine, actinomycin D and cyclophosphamide (VAC) chemotherapy or high dose treosulfan-melphalan (TreoMel) chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell reinfusion followed thereafter by eight cycles of VAC chemotherapy. Local therapy in R3 patients is following VIDE induction, whenever feasible prior to high dose therapy (HDT). When long periods of immobilisation following surgery are anticipated, e.g pelvic reconstruction, surgery following HDT may be advisable. Depending on clinical response to induction chemotherapy radiotherapy prior to HDT and surgery may be an option to be considered in such patients. Any delay between VIDE and HDT for reasons of e.g. local treatment must be bridged with VAC cycles. The total number of VAC cycles is not to exceed eight cycles.